Geological characteristics and lithium resource prospects of De Rust pegmatite type lithium deposits in the Damara orogenic belt of Namibia

Lithium is one of the strategically important emerging minerals globally. As international attention to lithium metal increases, the exploration and development of lithium mineral resources in African countries, including Namibia, have garnered significant attention from various nations, yet the overall level of exploration and research remains relatively low. This article focuses on the De Rust pegmatite-type lithium mine in Namibia within the Damara orogenic belt, analyzing its mineral geological characteristics and summarizing the mineralization patterns and genesis of the deposit. Additionally, a comprehensive comparative study is conducted with other lithium deposits in Namibia to grasp the prospects of its lithium mineral resources and provide guidance for regional prospecting. The Damara orogenic belt, characterized by complex structures and intense magmatic activity, is favorable for the occurrence of lithium deposits. It can be roughly divided into five pegmatite mineralization zones, traversing Namibia, Angola, Botswana, and Congo, with the majority concentrated within Namibia. The De Rust lithium mine is an LCT-type granitic pegmatite lithium mine, with ore bodies presenting as veined and displaying zoning characteristics. Mineralization is associated with various geological processes. Other lithium deposits in Namibia, such as UIS, Rubicon, and Helikon, each possess unique characteristics. The lithium geological conditions in the Damara orogenic belt of Namibia are superior, offering significant resource potential, yet development faces challenges related to technology and funding. In the future, it is expected to become a source of lithium resource supply for China, necessitating joint efforts from the government and enterprises to strengthen international cooperation, prioritize environmental protection and rational resource utilization, and achieve sustainable development, thereby playing a significant role in the global lithium industry.