Abstract: The concept of human-nature community of life emphasizes the interdependent relationship between human and nature, and its intrinsic elements are universally linked and mutually influential. Exploring the evolving relationships between natural resource, social economy, and eco-environment is an important direction for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development nowadays. Through concept and connotation analysis, we explore the relationship between social-ecological system and natural resource-social economy-eco-environment system, and then explore the interrelationship among the elements of natural resource-social economy- eco-environment system, and finally summarize the interrelationship evolution of natural resource-social economy- eco-environment system and its elements in the historical stage. This study initially explores the evolving relationships between natural resource, social economy, and eco-environment, providing scientific cognition for the concept of community of life between human and nature and theoretical support for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and achieving the goal of sustainable development.