Abstract: Iron ore is an important strategic mineral resource, and its economic security is related to the overall situation of national economic and social development.In order to further study the economic security of iron ore resources in China, the evaluation index system of economic security of iron ore resources in China is constructed from three aspects of resources, import market and sustainable development.The improved TOPSIS method, obstacle degree model and GM(1, 1)-BP combination model are respectively used to evaluate the economic security of iron ore resources in China from 2001 to 2018, analyze the main obstacle factors and give early warning of the economic security of iron ore resources in 2020-2025.The results show that: ①From 2001 to 2018, the economic security level of iron ore resources in China showed a general trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the security warning level experienced a change from blue warning to red warning and to orange warning; ②Among the first level indicators, the resource security closeness showed a fluctuating downward trend, the import market security closeness first increased and then decreased, and the sustainable development security closeness was in a fluctuating downward trend, but increased sharply after 2016;③The main obstacles affecting the economic security of iron ore resources are the reserve production ratio, the increment of proven reserves, the growth rate of exploration investment, the utilization rate of resource recovery and the relative abundance of resources; ④From 2020 to 2025, the economic security closeness of iron ore resources in China will show a downward trend, and the security warning level will rise from orange warning to red warning.