Abstract:  Groundwater is an important resource to maintain social development and ecological security. Groundwater storage assessment is the basis for identifying the quantity of water resources and serving the construction of ecological civilization. On the basis of sorting out the relevant survey and monitoring data and generalizing the aquifer, the volume method is used to evaluate the groundwater storage capacity and its exploitable capacity in Songliao Basin, and the controlling factors of groundwater storage capacity are analyzed. The results show that the total storage of shallow groundwater in Songliao basin is 48734.66×10⁸m³, including 40253.74×10⁸m³ in plain area, 477.21 ×10⁸m³ in intermountain basin, 1901.32×10⁸m³ in river valley, 1982.56×10⁸m³ in basalt area, 73.15×10⁸m³ in karst area, 4046.68×10⁸m³ in bedrock mountainous area. Among the main plains, the modulus of groundwater storage in Sanjiang Plain and Xingkai Lake Plain is relatively large. The groundwater in Songliao Basin is mainly fresh water, and the storage capacity of groundwater with TDS ≤ 1 is 47162.97×10⁸m³, accounting for more than 96% of the total storage. The exploitable storage in the plain area of Songliao Basin is 818.97×10⁸m³, of which the annual exploitable regulated storage is 359.85×10⁸m³, and the unrenewable exploitable storage is 459.12×10⁸m³. Groundwater storage is mainly affected by hydrogeological conditions such as water abundance and aquifer thickness. The difference of hydrogeological conditions results in uneven spatial distribution of groundwater storage. The evaluation of groundwater storage provides basic data for the comprehensive management of water resources and ecological protection in Songliao Basin, and provides support for the comprehensive investigation of natural resources and the construction of ecological civilization.