Objective Lithium, an emerging key metal mineral of strategic value, has garnered increasing attention from countries worldwide in recent years. This paper aims to analyze the supply−demand situation and guarantee degree of lithium resources in China, with the goal of ensuring the secure supply of lithium resources in the country.

Methods This study undertakes a comprehensive and systematic collation of the inherent characteristics of lithium resources in China, the advancements in exploration and research endeavors, as well as the development and utilization status of lithium resources. By integrating and meticulously analyzing the domestic supply−demand dynamics of lithium resources, along with the import−export scenarios, it delves into the current supply−demand configuration, future demand projections, and the degree of resource security assurance. Based on this in - depth analysis, targeted suggestions are proffered to address the existing situation, aiming to provide practical guidance for policy−making and industrial development.

Results Overall, China currently possesses a relatively abundant reserve of lithium resources. With the continuous intensification of exploration activities in recent years, the proven lithium resource reserves in China have witnessed a notable expansion. Nevertheless, the endowment of lithium resources in China exhibits certain deficiencies. Specifically, some high - quality lithium resources remain under - explored and under−utilized, mainly due to technological constraints and complex geological conditions. In recent years, propelled by the burgeoning development of the new−energy vehicle industry, as the world’s largest consumer of lithium resources and a significant producer of lithium−based products, the domestic supply and demand of lithium resources have experienced a rapid upsurge. China has long been highly dependent on imported lithium ore, with a high degree of external reliance. This situation exposes the domestic supply system to certain risks, and the resource security guarantee situation is rather grave. Additionally, the lithium industry chain is plagued by issues such as an unregulated industrial order, which is manifested in price fluctuations and unfair competition, and an incomplete recycling system, leading to inefficient resource utilization and environmental concerns.

Conclusions Looking ahead, it is imperative to prioritize scientific and technological innovation. This involves not only focusing on the transformation from upstream resource acquisition to downstream high−end product applications but also optimizing the spatial and industrial layout of the lithium industry chain. Strengthening domestic exploration and development efforts is crucial, with an emphasis on the domestic market. However, the international market should not be overlooked. A coordinated development model between the domestic and international markets is essential to achieve long−term stability and sustainable development of the lithium resource - related industries. This requires the joint efforts of the government, enterprises, and research institutions to formulate and implement effective policies and strategies.