Abstract: Ground substrate is a new concept in natural resource management, which is the fundamental material supporting the breeding of various natural resources. Strengthening the analysis of ground substrate sedimentary environment and the restoration of paleoenvironment is of great significance for studying its formation mechanism. This article analyzes the sedimentary characteristics and the sedimentary environment of a 50 m shallow ground substrate, based on the data of full core clay minerals, carbonates, magnetic susceptibility, and carbon elements. The research results indicate that there are 16 layers of soil substrate vertically distributed in the study area, exhibiting a transitional sedimentary evolution from deep to shallow, characterized by lacustrine sedimentation → continental eolian facies → meadow facies.The deep lakeside facies and embankment sediments are formed in cold and extremely dry environments, the middle deep lake sediments are formed in warm and humid environments, and the shallow surface meadow and aeolian sediments are formed in relatively dry and cold environments. Based on previous data and ¹⁴C, photoluminescence and ESR dating results, the sedimentary evolution stage of the study area is divided into the late Early Pleistocene to early Middle Pleistocene dry cold sedimentary stage, the warm lacustrine sedimentary stage in the middle and late Middle Pleistocene, the Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene eolian loess sedimentary stage and the black soil sedimentary stage in the Middle and Late Holocene.