Abstract: The central Hunan depression is an important area for shale gas exploration in the periphery of the Sichuan Basin, and the Carboniferous Ceshui Formation is the key shale gas layer in this area. Taking the secondary structure Lianyuan sag in the area as the object, based on the field stratigraphic section and drilling data, experimental analysis and field gas−bearing monitoring data, the geological conditions and differential distribution characteristics of shale gas accumulation of the Ceshui Formation were studied. The main controlling factors of enrichment and accumulation pattern of shale gas were discussed above. The results show that: ①Dark shale are mainly developed in the lagoon sedimentary facies area. The shale with a thickness of 30~80 m. The organic matter is mainly type II, total organic carbon content (TOC) greater than 1.5%, 2.0%＜R_o＜3.0%, and has a good foundation for hydrocarbon generation.②The Ceshui Formation is mainly a type of siliceous shale with high brittleness minerals. The shale reservoir space includes organic pores, inorganic pores and fractures, and has the physical characteristics of ultra−low porosity and ultra−low permeability.③The formation of shale gas reservoirs in Ceshui Formation mainly experienced three stages of forming and evolution: early in−situ accumulation, medium−term adjustment and transformation, and late dissipation−residue. The main reservoir formation and transformation period was from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. ④Organic−rich shale formed in the reduction environment of the lagoon facies is the material basis for the formation of gas reservoirs in Ceshui Formation. The thermal evolution degree is an important factor affecting the enrichment and accumulation. Preservation conditions are the key to enrichment and accumulation. The Intraformational detachment structure controls the enrichment degree of gas. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the shale gas accumulation pattern of Ceshui Formation ‘sedimentary environment controlling favorable area and tectonic−decollement controlling preservation and enrichment’ is established. The syncline structure in the lagoon facies area is a favorable region for gas enrichment, and the footwall of the closed reverse fault on both wings of the syncline is a favorable location for gas enrichment.